Andrew II of Hungary

Andrew II (c. 1177–1235), a younger son of Béla III, held Croatia and Dalmatia under his brother Emeric before becoming king of Hungary and Croatia in 1205. His lavish grants of royal estates to his supporters weakened crown revenues.

He repeatedly fought to seize Halych and Lodomeria but was repelled. His queen Gertrude of Merania was murdered by discontented lords in 1213. He joined the Fifth Crusade in 1217–1218 but achieved little.

In 1222 he was forced to issue the Golden Bull, and in 1224 the Diploma Andreanum granted privileges to the Transylvanian Saxons. He died in 1235; his daughter by Gertrude was Saint Elizabeth of Hungary.