Philip IV of France

Philip IV (1268–1314), called the Fair for his looks and the Iron King for his temper, ruled France from 1285. In 1284 he married Joan I of Navarre.

In 1294 he declared Edward I's Gascony forfeit, beginning a war that ended in 1303. Flanders rebelled, and in 1302 its town militia destroyed the French knights at the Battle of the Golden Spurs, though Philip won in the end. In 1307 he had Templars arrested; their Grand Master Jacques de Molay was burned in March 1314.

His taxing of the clergy brought a clash with Boniface VIII and Nogaret's raid on the pope at Anagni in 1303; Boniface died soon after and the papacy moved to Avignon under Clement V. Philip died in November 1314. His sons reigned as Louis X, Philip V and Charles IV, none leaving a surviving son; the Capetian crisis led to the Hundred Years' War.