Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester

Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Gloucester (1355–1397), was the youngest son of Edward III, born at Woodstock Palace. Created Earl of Buckingham in 1377 and Duke of Gloucester in 1385, he campaigned in France before turning on his nephew Richard II.

As leader of the Lords Appellant he defeated the king's favourite Robert de Vere at Radcot Bridge in December 1387 and dominated the Merciless Parliament of 1388, which purged Richard's circle. In 1397 Richard had him arrested and imprisoned at Calais, where he was smothered in September, probably on the king's orders.