Kaloyan of Bulgaria

Kaloyan the Roman-Slayer (c. 1170–October 1207), youngest of the Asen brothers, was tsar of restored Bulgaria from 1197. Once a hostage in Constantinople, he seized sole power when Asen and Peter were murdered in 1196–1197. After capturing Varna in 1201 he styled himself the Roman-Slayer, in imitation of Basil II the Bulgar-Slayer.

He sought an imperial title from Pope Innocent III, offering to acknowledge papal primacy. A papal legate crowned him king at Tarnovo in 1204. In 1205 he captured the Latin Emperor Baldwin I at Adrianople. He died in October 1207 while besieging Thessalonica.