Louis I, Duke of Bavaria

Louis I Wittelsbach (1173–1231), called the Kelheimer, ruled as Duke of Bavaria from 1183 and, from 1214, as Count Palatine of the Rhine. He was the only surviving son of Duke Otto I and inherited as a child. He backed the Hohenstaufen emperors and accompanied Henry VI to Sicily in 1194.

Frederick II rewarded him with the Rhenish Palatinate in 1214, and his son Otto's marriage to Agnes of the Palatinate secured the electorate for the Wittelsbach. In 1221 he joined the Fifth Crusade at Damietta and was held hostage after the defeat at Mansurah. He was murdered on a bridge at Kelheim in 1231.